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Essere fisicamente attivi e avere una sana alimentazione è necessario per mantenere un corretto peso corporeo e, quindi, prevenire l’insorgenza di numerose malattie croniche. L’associazione ‘attività fisica + dieta’ è anche particolarmente efficace, quando correttamente prescritta dai professionisti del settore, come intervento dimagrante per chi presenta sovrappeso ed obesità.
Tuttavia, va tenuto sempre presente che lo svolgimento di una regolare attività fisica a livello amatoriale (fino a 1-2 ore al giorno per 3-4 volte a settimana), non necessita di particolari consigli alimentari, aumenti di introiti energetici, cambiamenti nei rapporti tra i macronutrienti (proteine, carboidrati e grassi) e/o supplementazioni di micronutrienti.
Le cose cambiano per chi svolge allenamenti di maggior durata, frequenza ed intensità (5-7 giorni alla settimana, almeno una seduta di allenamento al giorno di 2-3 ore, per 9-11 mesi all’anno). In questi casi è necessario fornire specifiche indicazioni nutrizionali, che verranno aggiustate, dagli esperti in nutrizione sportiva (dietologi, nutrizionisti, dietisti), in base allo stato di salute generale del soggetto e dei suoi fabbisogni, in relazione all’impegno sportivo.
Se siamo degli sportivi amatoriali, quindi, non dobbiamo preoccuparci di assumere più calorie o sbilanciare i rapporti tra macronutrienti, nei giorni in cui facciamo sport. Basti pensare che una corsa di 10 km, anche a ritmo sostenuto, fa bruciare 500 kcal, il corrispettivo di un piatto unico a base di pasta integrale, condita con una porzione di pesce o legumi. Un pasto, che per essere completo, necessita ancora delle porzioni di verdura e di frutta.
In ogni caso, può essere utile seguire alcuni suggerimenti per distribuire al meglio i pasti, sempre rispettando le regole del piatto sano, nei giorni in cui ci si dedica all’esercizio fisico.